Lecture 2. - Assignment - Revision history

Marcsa: /* Evaluation of results */

2022-02-17T10:18:31Z

‎Evaluation of results

Marcsa at 18:51, 28 January 2020

2020-01-28T18:51:57Z

Marcsa at 19:16, 27 March 2019

2019-03-27T19:16:16Z

Marcsa at 19:10, 27 March 2019

2019-03-27T19:10:23Z

Marcsa at 19:09, 27 March 2019

2019-03-27T19:09:30Z

Marcsa at 20:50, 18 March 2019

2019-03-18T20:50:14Z

Marcsa: /* Evaluation of results */

2019-03-18T08:25:05Z

‎Evaluation of results

Marcsa: /* Evaluation of results */

2019-03-18T08:23:29Z

‎Evaluation of results

Marcsa at 08:21, 18 March 2019

2019-03-18T08:21:30Z

Marcsa at 07:17, 16 March 2019

2019-03-16T07:17:48Z

@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 |}
 </blockquote>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 | width=50% |
 '''Instructor'''
-* Dániel Marcsa (lecturer)
+* [http://wiki.maxwell.sze.hu/index.php/Marcsa Dániel Marcsa] (lecturer)
 * Lectures: Monday, 14:50 - 16:25 (D201), 16:30 - 17:15 (D105)
 * Office hours: by request

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 * Office hours: -.
 |}
+<blockquote>
 === Purpose of the Assignment ===
 The student will learn the main steps of the finite element method, such as preparing the model (creating or importing geometry), specifying material parameters, boundary conditions and excitation through a time-harmonic simulation. Give a deeper understanding of the physical background of induction heating, melting and hardening.
-</blockquote>
 === Knowledge needed to solve the problem ===
 * The steps of the finite element method;
 * Theoretical knowledge of the time-harmonic field (for defining materials, for excitation).
-</blockquote>
 === Steps to solve the problem ===
 After launching ANSYS Electronics Desktop, select ''Project -> Insert Maxwell 3D Design'' from the menu. <br/> It is also possible to solve the problem differently from the steps described below. To use [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell], the ''Help'' menu and ''YouTube'' videos provide a lot of help.
 </blockquote>
 == Creating Geometry ==
 In this case, we work with a pre-prepared geometry. This corresponds to the design of a geometry that a simulator engineer uses for numerical analysis of the device.
@@ Line 42: / Line 40: @@
 </blockquote>
 == Problem Settings ==
+<blockquote>
 === Defining Materials ===
 In this exercise, the current carrying coil is ''copper'', the iron is ''cast iron'' and the surrounding region of the coil and iron is ''air''.
@@ Line 65: / Line 62: @@
 | 100%
 |}
-</blockquote>
 === Specifying excitation ===
 The excitation must be defined on the surface of the two terminals of the coil. The excitation is 50A, which must be defined on the surface of the coil terminals. When defining it, care must be taken to give the direction of excitation inward on one surface and outward on the other.
-</blockquote>
 === Mesh Settings ===
 [[File: InductionHeating FEMMesh.png | 360px | thumb | left | alt = Finite element mesh of cast iron rod and coil. | Finite element mesh of cast iron rod and coil.]]

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 === Purpose of the Assignment ===
 The student will learn the main steps of the finite element method, such as preparing the model (creating or importing geometry), specifying material parameters, boundary conditions and excitation through a time-harmonic simulation. Give a deeper understanding of the physical background of induction heating, melting and hardening.
 </blockquote>
 === Knowledge needed to solve the problem ===
 * The steps of the finite element method;
 * Theoretical knowledge of the time-harmonic field (for defining materials, for excitation).
 </blockquote>
 === Steps to solve the problem ===
 After launching ANSYS Electronics Desktop, select ''Project -> Insert Maxwell 3D Design'' from the menu. <br/> It is also possible to solve the problem differently from the steps described below. To use [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell], the ''Help'' menu and ''YouTube'' videos provide a lot of help.
 </blockquote>

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 === Purpose of the Assignment ===
 The student will learn the main steps of the finite element method, such as preparing the model (creating or importing geometry), specifying material parameters, boundary conditions and excitation through a time-harmonic simulation. Give a deeper understanding of the physical background of induction heating, melting and hardening.
+</blockquote>
 === Knowledge needed to solve the problem ===
 * The steps of the finite element method;
 * Theoretical knowledge of the time-harmonic field (for defining materials, for excitation).
+</blockquote>
 === Steps to solve the problem ===
 After launching ANSYS Electronics Desktop, select ''Project -> Insert Maxwell 3D Design'' from the menu. <br/> It is also possible to solve the problem differently from the steps described below. To use [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell], the ''Help'' menu and ''YouTube'' videos provide a lot of help.
+</blockquote>
 == Creating Geometry ==
 In this case, we work with a pre-prepared geometry. This corresponds to the design of a geometry that a simulator engineer uses for numerical analysis of the device.
 So the geometry is imported for this task. The geometry can be imported using the ''Modeler <math>\to</math> Import ...'' menu.
+</blockquote>
 == Problem Settings ==
 === Defining Materials ===
 In this exercise, the current carrying coil is ''copper'', the iron is ''cast iron'' and the surrounding region of the coil and iron is ''air''.
@@ Line 61: / Line 62: @@
 | 100%
 |}
+</blockquote>
 === Specifying excitation ===
 The excitation must be defined on the surface of the two terminals of the coil. The excitation is 50A, which must be defined on the surface of the coil terminals. When defining it, care must be taken to give the direction of excitation inward on one surface and outward on the other.
+</blockquote>
 === Mesh Settings ===
 [[File: InductionHeating FEMMesh.png | 360px | thumb | left | alt = Finite element mesh of cast iron rod and coil. | Finite element mesh of cast iron rod and coil.]]
@@ Line 71: / Line 74: @@
 I used this mesh on the surface of the cast iron rod, as shown in the figure. From ANSYS Maxwell 2019R1 version, the adaptive mesh does not change the resolution for those areas where ''Skin Depth Based ...'' mesh is defined. The purpose of this is faster convergence, but it is therefore important to define properly the resolution in the penetration depth.
+</blockquote>
 == Set up the solver, run the simulation ==
+<blockquote>
 As I wrote in the mesh settings, the adaptive meshing algorithm automatically refines the discretization within the critical regions. However, the adaptive meshing parameters should be set at the solver. The maximum number of adaptive steps (''Maximum Number of Passes'') is 10, and the 'Percent Error' is 0.5%. The refinement rate (''Refinement Per Pass'') should be lowered from the default value (30%) in the case of a three-dimensional problem. This is especially true if we have no prior information on how to converge, how the error is reduced in the example. The refinement rate will be 20%. At the solver, you can specify the frequency of harmonic analysis (''Adaptive Frequency''), in this example <math>f = 500~\text{Hz}</math>.
 In addition to the previous settings, it is still possible to set the nonlinear residue (''Nonlinear Residual''), but in this example, all materials have linear magnetization curve. If necessary, you can turn on the iterative solver instead of the direct solver, where you also need to define the ''Relative Residual'' as termination criteria. In addition to adaptive mesh refinement, it is possible to use higher order shape functions (''Use higher order shape functions'') for time-harmonic problems and, if necessary, the frequency sweep (''Frequency Sweep'') range and the associated frequency step.
+</blockquote>
 == Evaluation of results ==
+<blockquote>
 In addition to the variables (inductance, force) seen in the previous assignments, we can determine the losses in the iron or the coil in this problem. These quantities can also be analysed as a function of frequency (''Frequency Sweep'').
@@ Line 118: / Line 121: @@
 |align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').'''</span>
 |}
+</blockquote>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 == Evaluation of results ==
-In addition to the variables (inductance, force) seen in the previous assignments, we can determine the losses in the iron or in the coil in this problem. These quantities can also be analysed as a function of frequency (''Frequency Sweep'').
+In addition to the variables (inductance, force) seen in the previous assignments, we can determine the losses in the iron or the coil in this problem. These quantities can also be analysed as a function of frequency (''Frequency Sweep'').
-[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell] automatically calculates losses in the problem, but if we are curious about the eddy current loss in arbitrary part of the problem (e.g. in the cast iron rod), it should be calculate by 'Calculator' (Maxwell 3D <math>\to</math> Fields <math>\to</math> Calculator...). The eddy current loss can be calculated with the following relationship
+[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell] automatically calculates losses in the problem, but if we are curious about the eddy current loss in arbitrary part of the problem (e.g. in the cast iron rod), it should be calculated by 'Calculator' (Maxwell 3D <math>\to</math> Fields <math>\to</math> Calculator...). The eddy current loss can be calculated with the following relationship
 ::<math> P_{ö} = \frac{1}{2}\int_{V} \vec{J}\cdot\vec{E}^{*}\,\text{d}V = \int_{V} \frac{\vec{J}\cdot\vec{J}^{*}}{2\sigma}\,\text{d}V\quad[\text{W}]</math>.
@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 * Output <math>\to</math> Eval
-The spatial variables can also be plot in various forms, as illustrated by the following two figures.
+The spatial variables can also be the plot in various forms, as illustrated by the following two figures.
 {| width=100%
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 [[File:InductionHeating OhmicLoss.png|550px]]
 |-
-|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The streamlines of magnetic field intensity (''ANSYS Maxwell'').</span>
+|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The streamlines of magnetic field intensity (''ANSYS Maxwell'').'''</span>
-|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Maxwell'').</span>
+|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Maxwell'').'''</span>
 |}
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 [[File:InductionHeating_OhmicLoss_DiscoveryAIM.png|550px]]
 |-
-|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The magnetic field intensity in the cross-section of the problem (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').</span>
+|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The magnetic field intensity in the cross-section of the problem (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').'''</span>
-|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').</span>
+|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').'''</span>
 |}
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 Az előző beállítások mellett még lehetőség van a nemlineáris maradékot (''Nonlinear Residual'') beállítani, de a példa esetében minden anyag lineár mágnesezési karakterisztikával rendelkezik. Ha szükséges itt lehet a direkt megoldó helyett bekapcsolni az iteratív megoldót, ahol szintén definiálni kell a leállási kritériumként szolgáló hibát (''Relative Residual''). Az adaptív hálósűrítés mellett, ennél a feladattípusnál lehetőség van magasabb fokú formafüggvények használatára (''Use higher order shape functions''), illetve ha szükséges a frekvenciasöprés (''Frequency Sweep'') tartományát és az ahhoz tartozó lépésközt.
-== Az eredmények kiértékelése ==
+== Evaluation of results ==
-Az 1. lecke példájánál látott változókon (induktivitás, erő) túl meghatározhatjuk a vasdarabban, a tekercsben létrejövő veszteségeket. Ezek a mennyiségek a frekvencia függvényében (''Frequency Sweep'' lehetősége) is vizsgálhatóak.
+In addition to the variables (inductance, force) seen in the previous assignments, we can determine the losses in the iron or in the coil in this problem. These quantities can also be analysed as a function of frequency (''Frequency Sweep'').
-Az [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell] automatikusan kiszámítja a veszteségeket a feladatban, azonban ha arra vagyunk kíváncsiak, egy-egy térrészben (pl. az öntöttvas rúdban) mekkora az örvényáram okozta veszteség, akkor azt nekünk kell kiszámolni a ''Calculator'' (Maxwell 3D <math>\to</math> Fields <math>\to</math> Calculator...) segítségével. Az örvényáramú veszteség a következő összefüggéssel számítható
+[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell ANSYS Maxwell] automatically calculates losses in the problem, but if we are curious about the eddy current loss in arbitrary part of the problem (e.g. in the cast iron rod), it should be calculate by 'Calculator' (Maxwell 3D <math>\to</math> Fields <math>\to</math> Calculator...). The eddy current loss can be calculated with the following relationship
 ::<math> P_{ö} = \frac{1}{2}\int_{V} \vec{J}\cdot\vec{E}^{*}\,\text{d}V = \int_{V} \frac{\vec{J}\cdot\vec{J}^{*}}{2\sigma}\,\text{d}V\quad[\text{W}]</math>.
-Azonban a fenti összefüggés helyett a ''Calculator''-ban a következő lépéseket kell elvégezni
+However, the following steps should be taken in the ''Calculator'' instead of the above equation
 * Input <math>\to</math> Quantity <math>\to</math> OhmicLoss
-* Input <math>\to</math> Geometry <math>\to</math> ''Itt kiválasztjuk a térfogatot, ahol számolni szeretnénk a veszteséget''
+* Input <math>\to</math> Geometry <math>\to</math> ''Here we select the volume where we want to ccalculate the loss''
-* Scalar <math>\to</math> <math>\int</math> (''Integrálás'')
+* Scalar <math>\to</math> <math>\int</math> (''Integral'')
 * Output <math>\to</math> Eval
-A térváltozók is megjeleníthetőek különböző formában erre mutat egy-egy példát a következő két ábra.
+The spatial variables can also be plot in various forms, as illustrated by the following two figures.
 {| width=100%
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 [[File:InductionHeating OhmicLoss.png|550px]]
 |-
-|align=center | A tekercs körül kialakuló mágneses térerősség (''ANSYS Maxwell'').
+|align=center | The streamlines of magnetic field intensity (''ANSYS Maxwell'').
-|align=center | Az örvényáram veszteség az öntöttvas rúd felületén (''ANSYS Maxwell'').
+|align=center | The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Maxwell'').
 |}
-A feladat ''ANSYS Discovery AIM'' segítségével is megoldható, ahogy a következő két ábra mutatja.
+The problem can also be solved with ''ANSYS Discovery AIM'' as shown in the following two figures.
 {| width=100%
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 [[File:InductionHeating_OhmicLoss_DiscoveryAIM.png|550px]]
 |-
-|align=center | A tekercs körül kialakuló mágneses térerősség (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').
+|align=center | The magnetic field intensity in the cross-section of the problem (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').
-|align=center | Az örvényáram veszteség az öntöttvas rúd felületén (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').
+|align=center | The eddy current loss on the surface of the cast iron rod (''ANSYS Discovery AIM'').
 |}
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |-
 |align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector.'''</span><ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Injector3.gif</ref>
-|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector'''<span> <span style="font-size:80%;color:blue">[Click to see animation]</span>.
+|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector.'''<span> <span style="font-size:80%;color:blue">[Click to see animation.]</span>
 |- valign=top
 | width=50% |