Difference between revisions of "Homework Assignment"

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|-
 
|-
 
| colspan=2 align=center |
 
| colspan=2 align=center |
−
<font color='blue' size='+2'>Analysis of Magnetic Valve</font>__NOTOC__
+
<font color='blue' size='+2'>Analysis of Shunt Resistor</font>
 +
{| align="left"
 +
| __TOC__
 +
|}
 
|- valign=top
 
|- valign=top
 
| width=50% |
 
| width=50% |
 
'''Instructor'''
 
'''Instructor'''
−
* Dániel Marcsa (lecturer)
+
* [http://wiki.maxwell.sze.hu/index.php/Marcsa Dániel Marcsa] (lecturer)
−
* Lectures: Monday, 14:50 - 16:25 (D201), 16:30 - 17:15 (D105)
+
* Lectures: -
 
* Office hours: by request
 
* Office hours: by request
 
| width=50% |
 
| width=50% |
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* Office hours: -.
 
* Office hours: -.
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
+
<blockquote>
 
=== Aim of Assignment ===
 
=== Aim of Assignment ===
 
Students will learn the basics of electromagnetic field calculations, their main steps, and gain practice in evaluating results and writing a Technical Report that meets international expectations.
 
Students will learn the basics of electromagnetic field calculations, their main steps, and gain practice in evaluating results and writing a Technical Report that meets international expectations.
Line 20: Line 23:
 
=== Knowledge needed to solve the problem ===
 
=== Knowledge needed to solve the problem ===
 
* The main steps of the finite element method;
 
* The main steps of the finite element method;
−
* Theoretical knowledge of the static magnetic field (for defining materials, for excitation);
+
* Theoretical knowledge of the electromagnetic field simulation (for defining materials, for excitation);
 
* Knowledge of CAD system to create geometry;
 
* Knowledge of CAD system to create geometry;
−
* Download and install [https://www.ansys.com/academic/free-student-products ANSYS AIM Student].
+
* Download and install [https://www.ansys.com/academic/students/ansys-electronics-desktop-student Ansys Electronics Desktop Student].
  
 
=== The Semester Assignment ===
 
=== The Semester Assignment ===
  
−
The task consists of two parts, a basic task, with a faultless solution of up to 70%, and an extra task, with an additional maximum of 30%.
+
The task consists of two parts, a basic task, with a faultless solution of up to 80%, and an extra task, with an additional maximum of 20%.
  
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
| '''Deadline'''
 
| '''Deadline'''
−
| May 25, 2019, 12:00
+
| -
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Output Form:'''
 
| '''Output Form:'''
Line 39: Line 42:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Place of submission:'''
 
| '''Place of submission:'''
−
| marcsa@maxwell.sze.hu email address
+
| <span style="color:red">In [https://szelearning.sze.hu/sze-login/index.html '''Moodle system'''].</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Late submission:'''
 
| '''Late submission:'''
Line 45: Line 48:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rowspan = "5" | '''Evaluation:'''
 
| rowspan = "5" | '''Evaluation:'''
−
| 0 - 50% - Insufficient (1)
+
| 0 - 48% - Insufficient ['''F'''] (1)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 51 - 60% - Satisfactory (2)
+
| 50 - 59% - Sufficient ['''D'''] (2)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 61 - 70% Medium (3)
+
| 60 - 70% Satisfactory ['''C'''] (3)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 71 - 85% Good (4)
+
| 71 - 84% Good ['''B'''] (4)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 86 - 100% - Excellent (5)
+
| 85 - 100% - Very good ['''A'''] (5)
 
|- style = "color: red"
 
|- style = "color: red"
 
| colspan = "2" | For the formal requirements, the requirements of CFD and mechanics are also valid here.
 
| colspan = "2" | For the formal requirements, the requirements of CFD and mechanics are also valid here.
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</blockquote>
  
 
== Part I of the Assignment ==
 
== Part I of the Assignment ==
−
==== Calculating the force on the solenoid valve by finite element method ====
+
<blockquote>
−
[[File: ProblemGeometry.png | 360px | thumb | left | alt = The geometry and dimensions of the task. | The geometry and dimensions of the task.]]
+
==== Calculating the resistance and the total loss of the shunt resistor by finite element method ====
−
The task is cylindrical to the vertical (<math>z</math>) axis, and the three-dimensional geometry must be prepared according to the specified dimensions (see figure).
+
[[File: CAE_SA_ShuntResistor_2022Spring.png | 800px | thumb | left | alt = ''Figure 1.'' - The geometry and dimensions of the task. | The geometry and dimensions of the task.]]
 +
 
 +
The geometry dimensions for your task you can find in the following table: [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cieVgmu9ALZBLYRZyxL-eHe27nOpavBuOGftaLXCC9I/edit?usp=sharing '''Semester Assigment'''].
 +
 
 +
This task is a DC current conduction problem. The solved equation is
 +
 
 +
<math>\nabla\cdot\sigma\nabla \varphi=0</math>
  
−
'''Tasks'''
+
with following boundary conditions
 +
 
 +
<math>\vec{J}\cdot\vec{n}=-J_{\text{n}}</math> on <math>\Gamma_{\text{J}}</math> (''This is the input.'')
 +
 
 +
and
 +
 
 +
<math>\varphi=U_0 = \text{0 V}</math> on <math>\Gamma_{\text{E}}</math> (''This is the output.''),
 +
 
 +
where <math>J_{\text{n}}</math> is the current density calculated from the specified current excitation.
 +
 
 +
The task: determine the voltage drop, the resistance and the ohmic loss of the problem.<br \>
 +
The voltage drop is the potential difference between the two terminals of the arrangement. You can determine resistance using Ohm's law:
 +
 +
<math>R = \frac{U}{I}</math>,
 +
 
 +
then the ohmic loss
 +
 +
<math>P = I^2\cdot R</math>
  
−
* Define the problem type based on the given parameters;
+
where <math>U</math> is the voltage drop, <math>I</math> is the current and <math>R</math> is the resistance.
−
* Creating and specifying the task geometry in [https://www.ansys.com/products/3d-design/ansys-aim ANSYS Discovery AIM];
 
−
* Run the FEM simulation;
 
−
* Validation of results for a 2mm air gap. The value of the force acting on the plunger: <math>F(z=2\text{mm})=1.4611~\text{N}</math> (inductance<math>L(z=2\text{mm}=21,27~\text{mH}</math>);
 
−
* Test of Solution Performance (''Solution performance tuning'', ''Curved surface meshing'') as a function of force;
 
−
* Number of finite elements (''Tetrahedra''), Energy (''Total Energy''), ''Energy Error'' and ''Delta Energy'' in the function of adaptive steps in two different cases;
 
  
−
* Postprocessing [at least two of the below]:
+
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center; width: 1000px; height: 80px;"
−
:: 1) determination of force and inductance;
+
|+ Bulk conductivity of materials.
−
:: 2) displaying equipotential lines;
+
! Material
−
:: 3) display the minimum and maximum of the magnetic flux density;
+
! Titanium
−
:: 4) display the magnetic field strength;
+
! Copper
−
:: 5) displaying magnetic flux density vectors.
+
! Aluminum
 +
! Copper-manganin alloy
 +
|-
 +
! <math>\sigma~[\text{MS/m}]</math>
 +
| 1.82 || 58 || 38 || 20.833
 +
|}
  
−
* Preparation of a Technical Report based on the use of the above results.
+
'''Tasks'''
 +
* Draw the geometry based on the specified dimensions in [https://www.ansys.com/academic/students/ansys-electronics-desktop-student Ansys Electronics Desktop Student];
 +
* Define the problem based on the given material parameters and boundary conditions;
 +
* Run the FEM simulation;
 +
* Evaluate the results.  
  
−
Note: The “Part I of the Assignment” elements will be reviewed in detail during the exercise to prepare and run a simulation model for an electromagnetic task. On this basis, students can easily complete Part I of the Assignment by attending the exercises.
+
The quantities listed in the task can be calculated with the '''Maxwell 3D - DC Conduction''' solver and the '''Q3D Extractor - DC''' solver.
  
−
; '''Parameters for this Assignment:'''
 
−
: Relative permeability of air and coil <math>\mu_r = 1</math>;
 
−
: The excitation of the coil ('''To validate the results'''): <math>I=0.76~\text{A}</math>, <math>N=789~{turns}</math> (''DC'');
 
−
: Magnetic curve of the core and plunge:
 
−
: {| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align: center;"
 
 
{| width = 100%
 
{| width = 100%
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align = center |
 
| align = center |
−
[[Image: BHCurve Steel1008.PNG | 650px]]
+
[[Image: CAE SA EMSolutions 2022Spring.png | 650px]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = center | '' 'Figure 1.' '' - Steel 1008 steel magnetization curve.
+
| align = center | <span style="font-size:88%;>''' ''Figure 2.'' - Possible solution (''Left - Maxwell 3D, Right - Q3D Extractor).'''</span>
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Part II. of the Assignment ==
+
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center; width: 1000px; height: 80px;"
 +
|+ Results of the test example.
 +
! Quantities
 +
! Voltage drop [mV]
 +
! Resistance [<math>\text{n}\Omega</math>]
 +
! Ohmic loss [W]
 +
|-
 +
! Maxwell 3D
 +
| 10.9927 || 18.3211 || 6.5956
 +
|-
 +
! Q3D Extractor
 +
| 10.9759 || 18.2931 || 6.5855
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{| width=100%
 +
|-
 +
| align=center |
 +
[[File:CAE SA ShuntResistor Maxwell Loss.png|750px]]
 +
| align=center |
 +
[[File:CAE SA ShuntResistor Q3D Loss.png|750px]]
 +
|-
 +
|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''''[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell Ansys Maxwell 3D]'' - Ohmic loss on the surface of shunt resistor.'''</span>
 +
|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">'''''[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-q3d-extractor Ansys Q3D Extractor]'' - Ohmic loss on the surface of shunt resistor.'''</span>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
'''Step by step tutorials'''
 +
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M1zkJJA5_rUskylsV1hZ6FXvjUOcesgv/view?usp=sharing Geometry creation]
 +
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-opGHP6VoefJtuioH8osPnr_zXM0aWeN/view?usp=sharing Ansys Maxwell3D]
 +
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ln4kZIZzvCVbRTD-QmCvwI6-trYigTGm/view?usp=sharing Ansys Q3D Extractor]
 +
 
 +
</blockquote>
 +
 
 +
== Part II of the Assignment ==
 +
<blockquote>
 +
In the student version of Ansys EM, Icepak provides an opportunity to study the thermal phenomena of the task. '''[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-icepak Ansys Icepak]''' is a general CFD solver with specific capabilities for testing the heating and cooling of electronic circuits (PCB / power module).
 +
 
 +
The task has a natural convection cooling. The excitation is the ohmic loss from the electromagnetic simulation.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center; width: 1000px; height: 80px;"
 +
|+ Thermal properties of materials.
 +
! Material
 +
! Titanium
 +
! Copper
 +
! Aluminum
 +
! Copper-manganin alloy
 +
|-
 +
! <math>\rho~[\text{kg}/\text{m}^3]</math>
 +
| 4500 || 8933 || 2689 || 8400
 +
|-
 +
! <math>c_{\text{P}}~[\text{J}/(\text{kg}\cdot\text{°C})]</math>
 +
| 522 || 385 || 951 || 410
 +
|-
 +
! <math>\lambda~[\text{W}/(\text{m}\cdot\text{°C})]</math>
 +
| 21 || 400 || 237.5 || 22
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
The table below shows the result of the thermal simulation.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center; width: 1000px; height: 80px;"
 +
|+ Results of the test example.
 +
! Quantities
 +
! Max. temperature [°C]
 +
! Min. temperature [°C]
 +
! Max. velocity [m/s]
 +
|-
 +
! Maxwell 3D + Icepak
 +
| 75.9284 || 71.3658 || 0.2881
 +
|-
 +
! Q3D Extractor + Icepak
 +
| 75.8669 || 71.3002 || 0.2880
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{| width=100%
 +
|-
 +
| align=center |
 +
[[File:CAE SA ShuntResistor Maxwell Temp.png|750px]]
 +
| align=center |
 +
[[File:CAE SA ShuntResistor Q3D Temp.png|750px]]
 +
|-
 +
|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">''' ''[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-maxwell Ansys Maxwell 3D] + [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-icepak Ansys Icepak]'' - Temperature distribution on the surface of shunt resistor.'''</span>
 +
|align=center | <span style="font-size:88%;">''' ''[https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-q3d-extractor Ansys Q3D Extractor] + [https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-icepak Ansys Icepak]'' - Temperature distribution on the surface of shunt resistor.'''</span>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
'''Step by step tutorials'''
 +
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/11b-sW497e8b5vkleeBU70HGv4AGSmg9u/view?usp=sharing Ansys Icepak]
 +
 
 +
Here you can find the archive file of test example: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-lZzCZwFssZxERUNK1P4iHuyRgSSROd3/view?usp=sharing Shunt Resistor] (''Ansys EM Student 2021 R2'').
  
−
Determining the force acting on the moving part of the problem ('''plunger''') and the inductance of the coil as a function of displacement.
+
</blockquote>
  
−
Note: This task corresponds to the solenoid valve in internal combustion engines that controls the injection.
+
==References==
−
; Specific tasks:
+
{{reflist}}
−
* Considering the plunger movement to the initial state (2mm air gap) from <math>-1.8\text{mm} \text{to} 10\text{mm}</math> ('''at least''' in 7 positions). Detailed instructions on the solution will not be available.
 
−
* This part is intended to measure the degree of autonomy, initiative and diligence of the student, i.e.:
 
−
* # is the student able to do independent work;
 
−
* # to design, assemble and run the simulation alone.
 

Latest revision as of 17:09, 20 March 2022

Analysis of Shunt Resistor

Instructor

Teaching Assistants:

  • -
  • Office hours: -.

Aim of Assignment

Students will learn the basics of electromagnetic field calculations, their main steps, and gain practice in evaluating results and writing a Technical Report that meets international expectations.

Knowledge needed to solve the problem

  • The main steps of the finite element method;
  • Theoretical knowledge of the electromagnetic field simulation (for defining materials, for excitation);
  • Knowledge of CAD system to create geometry;
  • Download and install Ansys Electronics Desktop Student.

The Semester Assignment

The task consists of two parts, a basic task, with a faultless solution of up to 80%, and an extra task, with an additional maximum of 20%.

Deadline -
Output Form: PDF format. Color drawings should be made so that their contents are clear to the reader in black and white.
Language English
Place of submission: In Moodle system.
Late submission: After every day started, a 5% deduction from the achieved result (i.e. after 5 days delay 100% can only be obtained up to 100% - 5x5% = 75%).
Evaluation: 0 - 48% - Insufficient [F] (1)
50 - 59% - Sufficient [D] (2)
60 - 70% Satisfactory [C] (3)
71 - 84% Good [B] (4)
85 - 100% - Very good [A] (5)
For the formal requirements, the requirements of CFD and mechanics are also valid here.

Part I of the Assignment

Calculating the resistance and the total loss of the shunt resistor by finite element method

The geometry and dimensions of the task.

The geometry dimensions for your task you can find in the following table: Semester Assigment.

This task is a DC current conduction problem. The solved equation is

[math]\nabla\cdot\sigma\nabla \varphi=0[/math]

with following boundary conditions

[math]\vec{J}\cdot\vec{n}=-J_{\text{n}}[/math] on [math]\Gamma_{\text{J}}[/math] (This is the input.)

and

[math]\varphi=U_0 = \text{0 V}[/math] on [math]\Gamma_{\text{E}}[/math] (This is the output.),

where [math]J_{\text{n}}[/math] is the current density calculated from the specified current excitation.

The task: determine the voltage drop, the resistance and the ohmic loss of the problem.
The voltage drop is the potential difference between the two terminals of the arrangement. You can determine resistance using Ohm's law:

[math]R = \frac{U}{I}[/math],

then the ohmic loss

[math]P = I^2\cdot R[/math]

where [math]U[/math] is the voltage drop, [math]I[/math] is the current and [math]R[/math] is the resistance.

Bulk conductivity of materials.
Material Titanium Copper Aluminum Copper-manganin alloy
[math]\sigma~[\text{MS/m}][/math] 1.82 58 38 20.833

Tasks

  • Draw the geometry based on the specified dimensions in Ansys Electronics Desktop Student;
  • Define the problem based on the given material parameters and boundary conditions;
  • Run the FEM simulation;
  • Evaluate the results.

The quantities listed in the task can be calculated with the Maxwell 3D - DC Conduction solver and the Q3D Extractor - DC solver.

CAE SA EMSolutions 2022Spring.png

Figure 2. - Possible solution (Left - Maxwell 3D, Right - Q3D Extractor).
Results of the test example.
Quantities Voltage drop [mV] Resistance [[math]\text{n}\Omega[/math]] Ohmic loss [W]
Maxwell 3D 10.9927 18.3211 6.5956
Q3D Extractor 10.9759 18.2931 6.5855

CAE SA ShuntResistor Maxwell Loss.png

CAE SA ShuntResistor Q3D Loss.png

Ansys Maxwell 3D - Ohmic loss on the surface of shunt resistor. Ansys Q3D Extractor - Ohmic loss on the surface of shunt resistor.

Step by step tutorials

Part II of the Assignment

In the student version of Ansys EM, Icepak provides an opportunity to study the thermal phenomena of the task. Ansys Icepak is a general CFD solver with specific capabilities for testing the heating and cooling of electronic circuits (PCB / power module).

The task has a natural convection cooling. The excitation is the ohmic loss from the electromagnetic simulation.

Thermal properties of materials.
Material Titanium Copper Aluminum Copper-manganin alloy
[math]\rho~[\text{kg}/\text{m}^3][/math] 4500 8933 2689 8400
[math]c_{\text{P}}~[\text{J}/(\text{kg}\cdot\text{°C})][/math] 522 385 951 410
[math]\lambda~[\text{W}/(\text{m}\cdot\text{°C})][/math] 21 400 237.5 22

The table below shows the result of the thermal simulation.

Results of the test example.
Quantities Max. temperature [°C] Min. temperature [°C] Max. velocity [m/s]
Maxwell 3D + Icepak 75.9284 71.3658 0.2881
Q3D Extractor + Icepak 75.8669 71.3002 0.2880

CAE SA ShuntResistor Maxwell Temp.png

CAE SA ShuntResistor Q3D Temp.png

Ansys Maxwell 3D + Ansys Icepak - Temperature distribution on the surface of shunt resistor. Ansys Q3D Extractor + Ansys Icepak - Temperature distribution on the surface of shunt resistor.

Step by step tutorials

Here you can find the archive file of test example: Shunt Resistor (Ansys EM Student 2021 R2).

References

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